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2. Descriptions of our Printing Processes and Printing Option:

OFFSET PRINTING (Lithography)

How it looks.
Ink sits flat on the surface of the paper. Nearly all modern printing is offset. Most short-run jobs are now being done digitally instead of offset as personal and trade machines become better and cheaper.

How it is done.
The basic principle of offset printing, the dominant printing process, is this simple: ink and water don't mix. Early lithographers etched images onto a flat stone. These images would accept ink, while the porous stone accepted water. When ink was applied, it stayed on the greasy image area and avoided the rest of the stone. Modern lithography uses the same concept but adds one important element. In modern presses, the image is transferred from the printing plate to a rubber blanket and then to the paper. Hence the name "offset." Although there are many different kinds, sizes and qualities of offset presses, the basic configuration remains the same. When the printing plate is exposed, an ink receptive coating is activated at the image area. On the press, the plate is dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. Ink adheres to the image area and water to the non-image area. As the cylinders rotate, the image is transferred to the blanket. Paper passes between the blanket cylinder and the image is transferred to the paper.

LETTERPRESS

How it looks.
Your type or image will be indented into the paper. Using a raised surface printing plate or type, the depth of the resulting "bite" will vary depending upon the type of paper. Thicker, softer papers will carry a deeper impression than hard or thin papers.

How it is done.
The world standard method for hundreds of years, letterpress gave way to offset during the 1930's. Letterpress is now relegated to the specialty category of art prints and invitations. The raised surface of the plate can be achieved by a number of means, such as wood carving or engraving, linoleum cutting, or, most commonly, photoengraving. Fine Paper Co. does its own letterpress printing in house.

GRAVURE

How it looks.
Almost like offset, but extremely high quality. The cost is prohibitive and it is rare if ever that anyone would consider this method for an invitation job. Harder to fid in the United States.

How it is done.
Basically, gravure turns everything in the image into halftone dots. The plate cylinder consists of tiny cells, varying in depth and width, that hold the ink. As the press runs, a doctor blade scrapes excess ink off the surface of the plate, leaving ink only in cells. As the paper contacts the plate, the ink is transferred, reproducing type, rules, graphics, and photographs as composites of very fine dots. Gravure is used only in very long runs, usually for publications and packaging printing.

ENGRAVING

How it looks.
Your image is raised above the surface of the paper. Yields the sharpest image of all the traditional printing methods.

How it is done.
The most common use of engraving is to print dinero (money), anything that has very fine detail. Plates for engraving are made of steel for very long runs or copper for short runs. In engraving ink is applied to the plate the ink then fills the cavities and the plate is wiped clean leaving the the recessed areas (image area) filled with ink. Intense pressure is used to transfer the image onto the substrate.

THERMOGRAPHY

How it looks.
Ink is raised above the surface of the paper. It is an affordable imitation of engraving.

How it is done.
Thermography is a five stage printing process, the first being the application of a slow drying ink, the four remaining are best appreciated in the illustration above. Not great with detail and very sensitive to quality or lack of quality of the material and the process. Thermography in my opinion is a great process to use in limited conjunction with other processes, namely offset.

FOIL STAMPING

How it looks.
Usually shiny, metalic images and type impressed into the paper. The foils come in a large variety of colors aside from metalic, and, like silkscreening, can be very opaque.

How it is done.
Heated dies with raised images press a thin plastic film carrying colored pigments against the paper. the pigments transfer from the film to the paper, heat and pressure assist in the bonding process.


 
 
   
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